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Redis Cache Store

Deployment note: Take care to use a *dedicated Redis cache* rather than pointing this at your existing Redis server. It won’t cope well with mixed usage patterns and it won’t expire cache entries by default.

Redis cache server setup guide: redis.io/topics/lru-cache

  • Supports vanilla Redis, hiredis, and Redis::Distributed.

  • Supports Memcached-like sharding across Redises with Redis::Distributed.

  • Fault tolerant. If the Redis server is unavailable, no exceptions are raised. Cache fetches are all misses and writes are dropped.

  • Local cache. Hot in-memory primary cache within block/middleware scope.

  • read_multi and write_multi support for Redis mget/mset. Use Redis::Distributed 4.0.1+ for distributed mget support.

  • delete_matched support for Redis KEYS globs.

Methods
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Constants

DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER = -> (method:, returning:, exception:) do if logger logger.error { "RedisCacheStore: #{method} failed, returned #{returning.inspect}: #{exception.class}: #{exception.message}" } end ActiveSupport.error_reporter&.report( exception, severity: :warning, source: "redis_cache_store.active_support", ) end
 
DEFAULT_REDIS_OPTIONS = { connect_timeout: 1, read_timeout: 1, write_timeout: 1, }
 
MAX_KEY_BYTESIZE = 1024
 

Keys are truncated with the ActiveSupport digest if they exceed 1kB

Attributes

[R] max_key_bytesize
[R] redis_options

Class Public methods

new(namespace: nil, compress: true, compress_threshold: 1.kilobyte, coder: default_coder, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, error_handler: DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER, skip_nil: false, **redis_options)

Creates a new Redis cache store.

Handles four options: :redis block, :redis instance, single :url string, and multiple :url strings.

Option  Class       Result
:redis  Proc    ->  options[:redis].call
:redis  Object  ->  options[:redis]
:url    String  ->  Redis.new(url: …)
:url    Array   ->  Redis::Distributed.new([{ url: … }, { url: … }, …])

No namespace is set by default. Provide one if the Redis cache server is shared with other apps: namespace: 'myapp-cache'.

Compression is enabled by default with a 1kB threshold, so cached values larger than 1kB are automatically compressed. Disable by passing compress: false or change the threshold by passing compress_threshold: 4.kilobytes.

No expiry is set on cache entries by default. Redis is expected to be configured with an eviction policy that automatically deletes least-recently or -frequently used keys when it reaches max memory. See redis.io/topics/lru-cache for cache server setup.

Race condition TTL is not set by default. This can be used to avoid “thundering herd” cache writes when hot cache entries are expired. See ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#fetch for more.

Setting skip_nil: true will not cache nil results:

cache.fetch('foo') { nil }
cache.fetch('bar', skip_nil: true) { nil }
cache.exist?('foo') # => true
cache.exist?('bar') # => false

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 143
def initialize(namespace: nil, compress: true, compress_threshold: 1.kilobyte, coder: default_coder, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, error_handler: DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER, skip_nil: false, **redis_options)
  @redis_options = redis_options

  @max_key_bytesize = MAX_KEY_BYTESIZE
  @error_handler = error_handler
  @supports_pipelining = true

  super namespace: namespace,
    compress: compress, compress_threshold: compress_threshold,
    expires_in: expires_in, race_condition_ttl: race_condition_ttl,
    coder: coder, skip_nil: skip_nil
end

supports_cache_versioning?()

Advertise cache versioning support.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 60
def self.supports_cache_versioning?
  true
end

Instance Public methods

cleanup(options = nil)

Cache Store API implementation.

Removes expired entries. Handled natively by Redis least-recently-/ least-frequently-used expiry, so manual cleanup is not supported.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 281
def cleanup(options = nil)
  super
end

clear(options = nil)

Clear the entire cache on all Redis servers. Safe to use on shared servers if the cache is namespaced.

Failsafe: Raises errors.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 289
def clear(options = nil)
  failsafe :clear do
    if namespace = merged_options(options)[:namespace]
      delete_matched "*", namespace: namespace
    else
      redis.then { |c| c.flushdb }
    end
  end
end

decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)

Decrement a cached integer value using the Redis decrby atomic operator. Returns the updated value.

If the key is unset or has expired, it will be set to -amount:

cache.decrement("foo") # => -1

To set a specific value, call write passing raw: true:

cache.write("baz", 5, raw: true)
cache.decrement("baz") # => 4

Decrementing a non-numeric value, or a value written without raw: true, will fail and return nil.

Failsafe: Raises errors.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 267
def decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
  instrument :decrement, name, amount: amount do
    failsafe :decrement do
      options = merged_options(options)
      key = normalize_key(name, options)
      change_counter(key, -amount, options)
    end
  end
end

delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)

Cache Store API implementation.

Supports Redis KEYS glob patterns:

h?llo matches hello, hallo and hxllo
h*llo matches hllo and heeeello
h[ae]llo matches hello and hallo, but not hillo
h[^e]llo matches hallo, hbllo, ... but not hello
h[a-b]llo matches hallo and hbllo

Use \ to escape special characters if you want to match them verbatim.

See redis.io/commands/KEYS for more.

Failsafe: Raises errors.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 203
def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
  instrument :delete_matched, matcher do
    unless String === matcher
      raise ArgumentError, "Only Redis glob strings are supported: #{matcher.inspect}"
    end
    redis.then do |c|
      pattern = namespace_key(matcher, options)
      cursor = "0"
      # Fetch keys in batches using SCAN to avoid blocking the Redis server.
      nodes = c.respond_to?(:nodes) ? c.nodes : [c]

      nodes.each do |node|
        begin
          cursor, keys = node.scan(cursor, match: pattern, count: SCAN_BATCH_SIZE)
          node.del(*keys) unless keys.empty?
        end until cursor == "0"
      end
    end
  end
end

increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)

Increment a cached integer value using the Redis incrby atomic operator. Returns the updated value.

If the key is unset or has expired, it will be set to amount:

cache.increment("foo") # => 1
cache.increment("bar", 100) # => 100

To set a specific value, call write passing raw: true:

cache.write("baz", 5, raw: true)
cache.increment("baz") # => 6

Incrementing a non-numeric value, or a value written without raw: true, will fail and return nil.

Failsafe: Raises errors.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 241
def increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
  instrument :increment, name, amount: amount do
    failsafe :increment do
      options = merged_options(options)
      key = normalize_key(name, options)
      change_counter(key, amount, options)
    end
  end
end

inspect()

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 168
def inspect
  instance = @redis || @redis_options
  "#<#{self.class} options=#{options.inspect} redis=#{instance.inspect}>"
end

read_multi(*names)

Cache Store API implementation.

Read multiple values at once. Returns a hash of requested keys -> fetched values.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 177
def read_multi(*names)
  return {} if names.empty?

  options = names.extract_options!
  instrument_multi(:read_multi, names, options) do |payload|
    read_multi_entries(names, **options).tap do |results|
      payload[:hits] = results.keys
    end
  end
end

redis()

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 156
def redis
  @redis ||= begin
    pool_options = self.class.send(:retrieve_pool_options, redis_options)

    if pool_options.any?
      ::ConnectionPool.new(pool_options) { self.class.build_redis(**redis_options) }
    else
      self.class.build_redis(**redis_options)
    end
  end
end

stats()

Get info from redis servers.

Source: show 

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb, line 300
def stats
  redis.then { |c| c.info }
end